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Robert Benecke (January 25, 1835 – November 3, 1903) was a German-born American photographer, operating primarily out of St. Louis in the latter half of the 19th century. Along with portraits, his works included photographs of railroads, bridges, buildings, and steamboats. He received considerable acclaim for his exhibit at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, and was among the earliest Americans to experiment with the artotype process in the early 1870s. He later turned to dry plate manufacturing, and worked as an editor for the ''St. Louis and Canadian Photographer'' in the 1890s.〔 ==Life== Benecke was born in the German town of Stiege, then part of the Duchy of Brunswick, on January 25, 1835. He was the son of Heinrich Ludwig Theodore Benecke, a teacher, and Johanna Auguste Bock. He studied at Blankenburg College, initially in hopes of becoming a civil engineer. After graduating, he enlisted in the Brunswick army in 1854.〔(Benecke Family Papers )," State Historical Society of Missouri website. Retrieved: 26 July 2014.〕 On a visit to the town of Nordhausen in 1855, he had his picture taken at an ambrotype studio. Impressed, he returned to the studio shortly afterward to work as an assistant and learn the photography trade. His first camera utilized a Lebrun lens and a plate holder he had constructed himself.〔Peter Palmquist, "(Robert Benecke )," ''Pioneer Photographers from the Mississippi to the Continental Divide'' (Stanford University Press, 2005), pp. 102-103.〕 Due to their pro-democracy activities, the Beneckes were forced to flee to the United States,〔 arriving in Brunswick, Missouri, on August 1, 1856.〔 Robert worked variously as a farmer, cooper, and piano tuner, and briefly taught German, French, and Latin at the Brunswick Seminary. Around 1857, he founded a photography studio in partnership with itinerant daguerreotypist E. Meier and painter Joseph Keyte. In December 1858, Benecke announced he had acquired a powerful new camera that could take photographs of any size.〔 In April 1859, Benecke and his partners announced they were relocating to Pike's Peak Country in Colorado, where gold had recently been discovered, though there is no evidence they ever actually made the move. Later that year, Benecke moved briefly to Knoxville, Tennessee, where with publisher Henry Hunt Snelling's help he had obtained temporary work as a photographer. By mid-1860, he was back in St. Louis, and had returned to Brunswick by November 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he supported the Union, and enlisted in the 18th Missouri Volunteer Infantry. In December 1861, he suffered an eye injury, and was granted a medical discharge.〔 In early 1862, Benecke purchased a studio on Market Street in St. Louis in partnership with photographer Hermann Hoelke, who had received considerable attention after his photograph of General Sterling Price appeared in ''Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper'' in September 1861. By the end of the war, the studio was the most prominent in St. Louis.〔William Garrett Piston, ''(Portraits of Conflict )'' (University of Arkansas Press, 2009), p. 5.〕 After the war, the duo captured several prizes at the 1867 and 1868 St. Louis Fairs. Sometime around 1869, Benecke dissolved his partnership with Hoelke, and continued alone.〔 Benecke nearly swept the photography prizes at the 1869 St. Louis Fair, including first prizes for photographic views, stereographs, and pastel or chalk on photographs. In 1871, he toured the Lower Mississippi River to take photographs for a stereo card collection. In June 1873, he accompanied writer Edward King on a tour of the Indian Territory, and published several photographs of this tour in ''Scribner's Magazine'' the following month. In October 1873, Benecke was hired by the Kansas Pacific Railroad to provide nearly 100 promotional shots along its line from Kansas to Denver, which he accomplished using a rail car outfitted with a darkroom. After completing this task, he spent part of November 1873 photographing Denver and the surrounding mountains.〔 In early 1872, Benecke began working with the artotype process, which involved the application of printer's ink to a photograph to prevent fading.〔 He was one of the first American photographers, and the first west of the Mississippi River, to make extensive use of this process.〔L.W. Wilson, "(Editor's Table )," ''Wilson's Photographic Magazine'', Vol. XL, No. 564 (December 1903), p. 571.〕 After a trip to Germany in 1883, Benecke began manufacturing dry plates. In 1886, he was hired by fellow German immigrant Gustav Cramer to supervise the Cramer Dry Plate Works in St. Louis, a position he held for the rest of his life. Beginning in the 1890s, Benecke began working as an editor for the ''St. Louis and Canadian Photographer'', a magazine that had been established by his friend John Fitzgibbon (1817–1882), and published by Fitzgibbon's widow, Maria.〔〔Dolores A. Kilgo, "(John Fitzgibbon )," ''Dictionary of Missouri Biography'' (University of Missouri Press, 1999), pp. 301-302.〕 After suffering from a stomach-related illness for several weeks, Benecke died at his home on Armand Avenue in St. Louis on November 3, 1903.〔"(Death of Robert Benecke )," ''The St. Louis Republic'', 4 November 1903, p. 3.〕 He is interred with his family at the Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Benecke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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